Developing a Strategy for the Russian Tour Social

April 10th, 2008 by babbettezanetti

By John Kunkle When you get to the social, the sheer number of women that are there will overwhelm you. You will be like a kid in a candy store. You will wonder where to begin. If you have a plan before you start, you will be more successful than if you walk in there like a teenager at his first dance. At the social, time is the most important resource you will have. Your short-term goal is to meet as many women as possible at the social. Do not get cornered by talking to only a few women that you happen to hit it off with. Its wonderful when you meet a woman and you both appear to enjoy each others company. Make a note of her name and phone number. If you know she is a member of a particular local marriage agency, take a picture of her and they can get in touch with her for you if you have trouble reaching her. If you could somehow use the rational selection criteria you used in perusing the websites of Russian women looking for Western men — and you combined that search strategy with the opportunity that the tour presents for you to meet a lot of women at one time — the situation might be ideal. In other words, if you knew who was coming to the social, and through a rational selection process, you would be introduced to the fifteen to twenty five women who most matched your selection profile, it might allow you to make a better match than one based on appearance alone. You have two weeks to meet the woman of your dreams. Do you want to leave that to the whims of fancy or the luck of the draw?If possible, I recommend that you spend the better part of the morning before the social finding out who is coming to the social. Do they have profiles of the women attending? Use your age criteria for selecting a subset of women you want to meet. Use the other search criteria we spoke of before, such as whether they have or want children, what they are looking for in a man, et cetera. Narrow your search down to fifteen to twenty women you want to introduce yourself to at the social. Enroll the tour group staff to help you in this process. At present none of the tour companies conducting tours to CIS countries have the ability to provide information like that prior to the socials. The reason is that they do not actually know who is coming to the socials. They place ads in Russian newspapers announcing the socials, they contact local marriage agencies so they can alert their clients, and of course, by word of mouth from one woman to another. John has been married to a Russian women for over five years. He has travelled the path from finding her, to traveling to Russia, to bring his wife to America, and adjusting to married life. He will show you step by step how to do this yourself. www.russian-luv.com/strategy.html Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=John_Kunkle http://EzineArticles.com/?Developing-a-Strategy-for-the-Russian-Tour-Social&id=313671 buy phentermine online overnight buy phentermine with discover purchase phentermine 37.5 buy cheap phentermine without prescription

Diet Pills: Not a Formula For Cosmetic Weight-Loss

April 7th, 2008 by babbettezanetti

By Chris Read As the world economy is on an upsurge thanks to the economic and technological boom, the citizens along with getting richer, is getting fatter too. But medics warn that the path to prosperity is not paved with good health and cheer but by following a healthy lifestyle with proper diet and keeping fit. Portion control and exercise are probably the two most important factors in a successful weight management program. Scientists have found that sleep deprivation increases levels of a hunger hormone and decreases levels of another hormone that makes you feel full. The combined effect may lead to overeating and weight gain. In the present age, a significant percentage of young people, both boys and girls, are overweight - many to the point of risking their health. This is mainly due to the lifestyle lead by the young brigade where high-calorie junk food, gadgets and gizmos have made life easier but with little space for activity. Experts say young people who are overweight don’t need to diet; they need to be more active. Moreover medics are concerned of people considering obesity a cosmetic problem, not a disease. The truth is obesity is a chronic condition of excessive fat deposition in the body. Obesity is not about standing on your bathroom scales and assessing your weight. It is about having a weight to height ratio better known as Body Mass Index (BMI). A person is clinically diagnosed with obesity if the BMI count is 30 or more. And when the BMI count goes beyond 40, morbid obesity is diagnosed and in such cases the doctor recommends weight loss drugs or diet pills to cope up with the related health risk factors. Among all diet pills, Phentermine being one of the oldest survivors in the category of weight loss drugs is still considered the most effective and cheapest making it one most popular diet pill. Phentermine diet pills are intended to be a short-term supplement for obese individuals along with a weight reduction diet plan and exercise schedule. It is an appetite suppressant that works by changing the level of brain chemicals (neurotransmitters) that affect mood and appetite (making you feel less hungry), and it may also speed up the time it takes for your body to burn calories. Phentermine is available with a prescription under the brand names Adipex-P. Manufactured by Gate pharmaceuticals, Adipex is the most popular brand name Phentermine. Used in conjunction with an exercise plan, Adipex diet pills can be quite effective. Diet pills are considered the easiest, safest and the quickest method to lose weight. But before you consider purchasing a particular diet pill, it makes sense to learn a little about how these pills work and also consult your physician to check the various aspects of the diet pills compatibility to your bodys metabolism. And most importantly, diet pills are not for cosmetic weight loss but for treating exogenous obesity. Chris Read is an associate editor to the website http://www.hateweight.com It is committed to provide visitors with complete information on weight loss, diet pills, obesity and phentermine. We also provide articles on health related topics. Your feedback & comments will be highly appreciated at email editor@hateweight.com Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Chris_Read http://EzineArticles.com/?Diet-Pills:-Not-a-Formula-For-Cosmetic-Weight-Loss&id=178644 phentermine and pharmacy phentermine pharmacy biz buy phentermine now phentermine without a prescription

The 3 Topics To Avoid When On A Date With Her

April 6th, 2008 by babbettezanetti

By Kenny Bangler A first date can be both an exciting and scary moment between two people, which makes every detail of an initial meeting quite important. While the kind of clothes you wear, cologne you splash on, and dating atmosphere are all essential factors that influence the success or failure of a first date, what you say will also serve as a worthiness indicator for a second rendezvous. Below, you will find a few topics that are better left unsaid for a first encounter: Topic #1: Your Past Relationships When talking about past relationships (unless she inquires), it usually ends as a lose-lose situation. Many people tend to mention too much about their past lovers on a first date. If you talk badly about your ex-girlfriend, it often appears as if you havent gotten over her yet. If you talk too nicely about your ex, it still sounds as if you arent over the relationship, causing your date to question competition and relationship security in the future. Topic #2: Her Past Relationships Guys generally think they are delivering a compliment, but one of the worst things to say to a woman on a first date is, What is a good-looking gal like you doing single? Most cases, the preference is mostly not by choice. Do you really want to know that her ex-boyfriend slept with her best friend or that she hasnt met the right one? To avoid an awkward turn in conversation, let this type of information naturally flow from her lips. You never know when you might reopen a wound from her past. Topic #3: Complimenting Other Females While this topic of conversation is thought an obvious one to avoid, there are many men who slip at the tongue and speak to their date like they would to their buddies. When an appealing woman walks by or a set of attractive curves has caught your eye, it is unwise to share these observations with your date. If your wandering eyes havent said enough, it is best you dont exclaim something inappropriate such as, Do you like that dress? or Would you ever wear something like that? Ken Bangler (of SeductionMonkey.com) is the author of the FREE report titled “The 5 Deadly Topics To Avoid When On A Date With Her”. For a limited time, you can get a FREE copy at SeductionMonkey.com Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Kenny_Bangler http://EzineArticles.com/?The-3-Topics-To-Avoid-When-On-A-Date-With-Her&id=556040 buy phentermine from union pharmacy inc phentermine w out prescription pharmacy that sells phentermine buy phentermine online without a prescription

Fort Worth Probate Attorneys

April 5th, 2008 by babbettezanetti

By Jimmy Sturo Probate is the court proceeding through which a deceased individual’s assets are managed. The individual, who has possession of the deceased person’s property until that property is distributed, is the person’s “estate.” Fort worth probate attorneys work at two different levels. Probate can refer to “testate” estate wherein deceased individuals have left behind a Will. It can also refer to “intestate” estate, which means an administration of property for individuals who died without leaving behind a Will. In case a person dies without a will, family members at times squabble over the deceased person’s assets. Such increased claims lead to disputes and in extreme cases the assets are taken over by the state itself. To safeguard the interest of the real beneficiaries, Forth worth probate attorneys work in the best interest of the rightful beneficiaries. In case of a testate estate, in general the work of the Fort Worth probate attorneys includes giving the necessary notices to creditors, collecting a decedent’s property, fulfilling liabilities, putting in order and filing any necessary tax returns and paying the taxes outstanding, if any. Fort Worth probate attorneys also prepare and file the required records, appraisement and record of claims with the Court. They also deal with the allocation of the estate to the beneficiaries under the Will. As regards intestate estate, by and large the job of Fort Worth probate attorneys includes having the court resolve the intestate person’s beneficiary, getting hold of the required Surety Bond, providing essential notices to creditors, organizing and filing any obligatory tax returns and paying the taxes due, if any. Fort Worth probate attorneys also assist in collection of the assets of the estate and satisfying debts, preparing and filing with the Court all of the essential documents to either sell or allocate the assets to the heirs-at-law as determined by the Court and closing the administration. In case of an intestate estate, the laws prevailing in Fort Worth direct the probate court on how to distribute the deceased’s estate. This is because individual states have different laws governing distribution of property. State laws and probate procedures differ significantly, so it is important to consult a Fort Worth attorney with expertise in this area of the law to ensure that the deceased individual’s estate is distributed correctly. Fort Worth Attorneys provides detailed information on Fort Worth Attorneys, Fort Worth Bankruptcy Attorneys, Fort Worth Criminal Attorneys, Fort Worth Divorce Attorneys and more. Fort Worth Attorneys is affiliated with Las Vegas Real Estate Lawyers. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jimmy_Sturo http://EzineArticles.com/?Fort-Worth-Probate-Attorneys&id=410136 phentermine 37.5 mg no prescription needed buy phentermine without physician order phentermine with mastercard phentermine usa pharmacy

Hummingbird Feeders and Hummingbird Nectar: How to Make Your Hummingbirds Happy!

April 2nd, 2008 by babbettezanetti

By Sonia S. What do hummingbirds eat? Hummingbirds are nectivores and insectivores; approximately 90% of their diet comes from nectar and 10% from arthropods (flies, wasps, spiders, beetles, and ants). If you watch closely, you will sometimes notice them picking insects out of spider webs or off leaves, bark, etc. What is the composition of nectar? The sugar in flower nectar is primarily sucrose, like that of white sugar. So don’t use honey or artificial sweeteners (illogical says Spock, but some people do). Many of the flowers hummingbirds feed upon have a sugar concentration of approximately 20%. How do I make my own nectar? To imitate the natural flower sugar concentration of 20%, use a solution of 1:4. This won’t give you an exact concentration of 20% because in reality sugar and water molecules have different atomic weights…yada yada yada…which means you can’t simply divide to get your percentage by volume alone. Anyway, 1:4 will actually give you an 18.6% sugar concentration. Close enough, and the hummingbirds won’t be saying, “Where’s the other 1.4%?!” As an example, you can mix 1 cup of sugar with 4 cups water. If you only have one feeder and don’t want to store leftover mix (fresh is always better), then use 1/4 cup sugar to 1 cup of water. What if I want to make the nectar stronger? Well research has shown that when given the option, hummingbirds preferred higher concentrations of sugar in their nectar, up to 50%. But I would stick with 20%. It will be easier to keep your feeders clean which is essential. Feeders will be less sticky and the chance of the solution fermenting or growing fungus (mold) is less. The mold that grows in hummingbird feeders can give hummingbirds a fatal tongue infection. What if I want to make the nectar weaker? The more diluted the nectar, the more consumption of nectar is needed to satisfy a hummingbird’s energy requirements. Weaker concentrations are less attractive to hummers & you’ll find they may just stop coming to your feeder to find a better, concentrated source. So stick to 1:4. What about adding red dye to my nectar to attract hummingbirds? Not necessary. There still debating this one, but artificial colors may be harmful to hummingbirds. So don’t add any. If you want to add some color to your feeder, use red ribbon or tape instead of dyes to attract them. Once hummingbirds start visiting, they’ll know where to return and the extra color isn’t needed. How often should I clean my hummingbird feeder? You should clean your feeders at least every 3 days in hot weather and 6-7 days in cool weather. Otherwise fermentation can occur and mold & bacteria will grow, which can be fatal to hummingbirds. In addition, hummers won’t like the taste of the nectar & stop coming to your feeders. Follow these steps to keep your hummingbird feeder clean and your hummingbirds healthy: 1. Empty reservoir and rinse in a mixture of hot water & vinegar 2. Add rock salt or uncooked rice grains to the rinse & shake to dislodge mold (black scum) 3. Empty feeder and rinse again thoroughly with hot water 4. If mold or any other residue remains, scrub with a toothbrush or bottle brush 5. Refill with nectar solution, hang feeder and enjoy! Wishing you bird watching bliss! Sonia Copyright www.birdwatching-bliss.com All Rights Reserved Sonia Schmieder has worked with private, state, and federal agencies on bird reasearch and education. She enjoys sharing her knowledge and love of birds via her website, http://www.birdwatching-bliss.com. Please visit for additional information about hummingbirds, bird feeders, bird houses, bird biology, choosing bird watching binoculars and more! Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Sonia_S. http://EzineArticles.com/?Hummingbird-Feeders-and-Hummingbird-Nectar:-How-to-Make-Your-Hummingbirds-Happy!&id=252414 ambien alcohol how much lorazepam can i take at one time half life of ativan ambien suggested retail price

No More Stress, Anxiety and Depression

March 31st, 2008 by babbettezanetti

By Craig Richard Nowadays especially in the 21st Century, it is predicted that stress related illnesses such as anxiety and depression will become the biggest killers to human being. Despite significant advances in housing, standards of living, quality of food, and medical science, the pressures all of us have to face in todays world are as demanding as any pressures experienced by our predecessors. Why are these illnesses on the rise? And why do some people become so sick through these illnesses, they can find it hard to function? Well they sure dont happen overnight! You dont suddenly wake up one morning and feel stressed or depressed. It is not like flicking on a light switch! And by the same rule, if youre suffering, you cant just wake up one morning, flick off the switch and say am I feel better now? Many people who dont suffer from these illnesses often say to sufferers. If only it was so easy! Should anyone say this to you, please forgive them as its just a lack of understanding. Its very hard for people to understand how youre feeling if they havent been reach the same level. The fact that these illnesses dont suddenly happen means we can draw some parallels with illnesses such as heart diseases, some cancers and strokes. Because these illnesses dont just suddenly happen either. If we look at heart disease, its often the result of damaging behaviors practised over many years. Behaviors such as smoking, lack of exercise and a abnormal diet high in saturated fat. Strokes are a result of similar behaviors and cancers too, specially heavy smoking and drinking as you knew. So how do stressful illnesses such as stress, depression and anxiety compare to? For many of us, feelings of distress remain constant companions: About 19 million Americans suffer from serious anxiety conditions like obsessive-compulsive disorder and social phobia, reports the National Institute of Mental Health, while virtually everyone else deals with less debilitating but still harmful levels of anxiety. Stress is also the product of harmful mental habits and behaviors. These habits and behaviors are developed and practised over years since childhood in most of the cases. Think of it like learning to drive a car. Initially, the skills required to control the vehicle needed conscious thought. It seemed really difficult didnt it? But once were performed them for sufficient periods, we drive as an auto-pilot. Were mastered the required skills by repetition. Herere the key: if we eat healthy food, take regular exercise, cut out harmful behaviors such as smoking and drinking, we improve our health and drastically reduce the risk of heart disease, cancer and strokes. We are repeating good habits, habits that will give our physical well being a huge boost. Its exactly the same for stress. Whats important to understand is that not everyone becomes stressed or depressed even when tragic and traumatic circumstances happen to them. Just like people who lead a healthy lifestyle and avoid harmful habits and behaviors, people don’t become stressed or depressed because they have learned effective habits and behaviors that prevent stress from arising. This is very good news if you suffer from these illnesses. Because just as we can learn habits and behaviors which cause us to become highly-stressed, depressed or anxious, we can learn the habits and behaviors which stop these terrible illnesses in their tracks. And the more often we make use of them, were soon begin to perform them automatically and our mental health will benefit tremendously. No more feeling stressed out. No more feeling unable to deal with somebody. No more anxiety and no more depression. Im living proof of this. For more than 5 years, different kind of traumatic events sent me spiralling into an anxiety-induced depression nightmare. I came out of it by learning the natural skills that starve these illnesses. The more I used them, the less anxious I became. Theyre now as natural to me as driving a car, and I am completely eradicated anxiety and depression from my life. Dr. Craig Richard (Community Health Councils) Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Craig_Richard http://EzineArticles.com/?No-More-Stress,-Anxiety-and-Depression&id=119249 ambien href ambien zolpidem titrate info ambien ativan and sexual side effects

The Ill And Disabled Employees Are Bearing The Brunt Of Corporate Canada’s Restructuring

March 29th, 2008 by babbettezanetti

By Bram Lecker Remember those insurance commercials featuring the “Good Hands” people. Those were the days when a cup of coffee was 50 cents, the milkman delivered and people expected to retire from the same company where they had come up from the Mail Room. But this is the 21st Century; It costs 50 cents to put air in your tires, your doctor answers by voicemail, and your chances for freedom at 65 seem about equal to winning the provincial lottery. Competition is in, fairness, out; especially for the ill and disabled. It seems that in this age of rapidly developing trends, a dark side has emerged from the corporate obsession with downsizing, restructuring and competitiveness. More and more employees who find themselves unable to work due to serious illness, accident or stress find that between their employer and group disability insurer, the race is on to show them the back of the hand, and the door. For many of these people, actual termination of employment is only the last stage in a long, stressful period. The most dedicated of employees push themselves to the limit of endurance to satisfy the demands of their financial responsibilities, a sense of teamwork and the ever present furrowed brow of a skeptical supervisor. The more loyal and diligent the employee, the more sleepless nights, tossing and turning with guilt; always the decision whether to “come in” or not, even over the protests of their own medical advisors. Like any Toronto employment lawyer practicing in the employment area, after almost 20 years, the development is infuriating and I have had my fair share of horror stories; a 36 year old Production Supervisor with an excellent work record lying on his hospital bed suffering with Lupus, job performance warnings left on his empty desk; a woman with breast cancer returning 3 months early from her chemotherapy, only to be told the next day she was to be the only person “restructured” in a large prosperous company; the 8 year employee of a major bank, home on medical stress leave, being called almost everyday by the Occupational Health Nurse as to when she would return to the team that needed her. Eventually, the bank cut her off from their disability program, citing some unwritten policy that she was not allowed to became pregnant while on disability. These stories - man’s inhumanity to man, are not unique. Employment law can respond, but in a confused, complex manner. In Ontario, for example, as in many Provinces, whether or not you are injured on the job or smitten with a work- related illness is a key determination as to whether you can claim from the Worker’s Compensation Board or from the company-sponsored disability plan. Most of the time, this is akin to experiencing execution by slow strangulation or the firing squad. For example, if you are unlucky enough to suffer from an illness such as chronic back problems, debilitating reactive depression or repetitive strain injury, which ate job related, but associated with an individual’s genetic makeup, the employer, Workers Compensation Board and the insurance company often engage in a sad game of legal “hot potato”. If and when the illness is determined to be work related, an employer is bound by the fearsome Section 54 of the Worker’s Compensation Act. This is good news for the employee; while it is no picnic to deal with the Workers Compensation Board and its faceless mail system during the disability period, when the individual is deemed to be medically fit to return to the pre-injury position on light duties or a modified work plan, the employer cannot terminate the employee for up to 2 years in the absence of willful misconduct. There are few exceptions and the Worker’s Compensation Tribunal polices its rules with a special enforcement office which can levy a $20,000.00 penalty and a 12 months salary compensation order against the un-cooperative employer. After all, if most employers could refuse to take an injured employee back or fire them soon after, the Workers Compensation Board would have to extend financial support much longer. Is it any wonder that Section 54 is so tough? Unfortunately, the legal status of an employee who falls ill from a non-work related injury or illness is far more uncertain. Most disability insurers set up their first obstacle by ensuring that the Group Policy, which most employees never see, excludes a claim for a work- related illness or injury under the policy. Then, In order to qualify for disability benefits the person must apply within a stipulated time from the injury. Lastly, group policies always stipulate 2 conditions: 1. That an individual is so totally disabled as to be unable to perform all the ordinary functions of their employment for the first 24 months. After that time the rules get even tighter. Medical advisors usually have a field day with that definition and what ensues is months of endless requests for more conclusive and better medical information from the sponge-like insurance adjuster. Just as some employees feel that they will expire from exhaustion and frustration, as long as proper updated medical reports are available, the insurance companies finally cave in. Benefits eventually follow but like everything else, are limited to the specific policy, usually 60 - 80% of pre-absence salary, less any money received from EIC or supplemental income plans. 2. That a person must have the legal status of an employee during the material time of the illness or injury. Timing is everything. In most Provinces, all employment benefits must be extended during a period of lay-off or after termination-for a minimum statutory period consistent with “Labour Board” rules. Once these conditions are satisfied, an employer who knowingly terminates an employee just before he would otherwise qualify for disability benefits to avoid premium increases might as well go for a car wash with the windows open. The Courts have held that in addition to the standard wrongful dismissal notice of termination/compensation entitlements based on the employee’s age, seniority and type of position (approximately one month per year or more), the employer may be obligated to pay all the insurance benefits an employee would have received during the entire time of the disability. This cold dish would be served up with a sour dollop of punitive and aggravated damages. While such “bull in the china shop” employers still exist, the Courts have made this callous conduct rare since the potential risk of pain greatly outweighs the nominal gain. In many situations, it is possible to make a viable claim for disability benefits at any time during the entire notice period - Unless, of course, the insurance policy specifically limits the claim period in writing and the restriction was brought to the employee’s attention. However, in the dirty 90’s, many employers appear willing to be engaged in a more insidious practice of terminating an employee while on disability benefits or having just returned from short term/long term disability leave. To some, the rationale is clear - in an age of economic restructuring someone has to get thrown from the lifeboat. Why not the rehabilitated employee who may still require an extended period of light duties or moderated pressure that the employer cannot tolerate or afford. The problem is that this trend has infested the grey clouds that are normally situated in legal netherworlds and employees do not yet have the clear tools to respond. In the now famous case of McKay v. Carrico, the Ontario Court of Appeal stated that employees could claim both disability benefits and severance if they are terminated while disabled. This potential for a double indemnity claim should have made it an effective deterrent. However, like any good mousetrap, employers have been consistently and successfully finding ways of skating around the rules by two common methods: (a) They allege that by virtue of a long absence and permanent inability to perform the job, whether on long term disability benefits or not, the employee has frustrated their employment due to factors outside of either party’s control. (b) Many employees who fail to constantly keep their employers informed about their medical status during the absence and the probability of recovery, in writing, are deemed to have abandoned or resigned their employment. While the resignation argument beggars common sense, and is dealt with accordingly, the Doctrine of frustration is both perverse and dangerous - most of all because some Courts have accepted it in certain circumstances. The notion that an employee can forfeit rights of severance accrued over long years of service by reason of a legitimate absence due to illness or injury seems arbitrary, to say the least. After all, having been approved by the company disability insurer, would not common sense dictate that an employee’s job must be held open without pre-condition or question until the Doctor reports him ready and able to return to work. Accordingly, like many aspects of employment law, knowledge of one’s rights is the best preventative medicine. The Courts have consistently said that it is a question of fact in every case of whether or not the employee is permanently and substantially unable to perform the pre-injury functions and responsibilities. Fortunately, the onus is on the employer to prove this point. An employee who makes diligent efforts to keep in contact with their employer, in writing, prevents assumptions being made by the employer that the injury is permanent and that the job has been abandoned. Medical reports must be submitted that address the issue of the timing for return to work as -opposed to leaving it indefinite. These reports must be submitted, with proof of delivery, so that the employer is not given the opportunity to plead that the termination occurred because they were unaware of the person’s whereabouts and medical status; Furthermore, as often happens when the employee notifies the employer of his intentions to return to work - and gets that old rejected feeling - the employee must document the request by either registered letter or fax confirmation. This leaves no room for suggestion that the job was held open but the returning employee failed to co-operate. Finally and most importantly, the readiness to return to work, only after medical approval, must be coordinated with the disability insurance company, who are more than willing to “shut off the tap” in the hopes of foisting the responsibility onto the employer at the earliest opportunity. Too many employees disregard medical advice and attempt to go back to work before they are ready, only to have the door slammed in their faces by the employer, their long term disability benefits already having been discontinued and their E.I. sickness benefits having been forfeited due to lack of payroll contribution for more than 104 weeks. This is not an enviable situation, to say the least, but one that is all too common in this age of re-structuring, re-organization, budgetary restraints and a glaring absence of remorse and compassion for those among us who are at their most vulnerable. In the end, it remains for the Courts to recognize and put a stop to this growing trend and, as they have in the past, balance the bottom line needs of corporate Canada with fair treatment for diligent employees who, through no fault of their own, have met with illness or injury, and just want the opportunity to get back to work and get on with life. The best practical. approach for anyone faced with this situation is to refrain from signing anything, get some rest, and call their lawyer first thing in the morning. Bram A. Lecker, B.A. LLB. as an experienced employment lawyer in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is dedicated to the employees seeking their rights in employment matters, wrongful dismissal, constructive dismissal, harassment in the workplace, benefits, employment contracts and severance. Bram has been practicing employment law since 1984 and has been involved in several significant court decisions regarding employee rights. Bram’s website and other articles can be found at www.torontoemploymentlawyer.ca Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Bram_Lecker http://EzineArticles.com/?The-Ill-And-Disabled-Employees-Are-Bearing-The-Brunt-Of-Corporate-Canadas-Restructuring&id=320391 cod zolpidem zolpidem tartrate in australia b ambien b ambien and impotence

Christ Was Begotten - Not Made

March 28th, 2008 by babbettezanetti

By Babu Ranganathan The Christian faith teaches that just as Adam and Eve were two persons but one flesh so too the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are three Persons but one God. The Lord Jesus Christ was both God and man. But was not Christ begotten of the Father? Yes, but this does not mean He was created or made. You and I were begotten of our parents, but our parents in no way created us just because we were begotten of them. Our life had already existed in our parents before they had begotten us. In fact, we really existed from the time of Adam and Eve even though we were begotten many centuries later. How is that so? Well, did not God finish His work of creation on the seventh day according to Genesis? If that is so then we had to have existed in some form from the time of Adam and Eve since God was no longer in the routine business of creating anything after the seventh day of creation week. In the case of Christ it is completely logical to say that He existed from all eternity in some form in the Father before He was begotten as God. In fact, in John 1:18 Scripture teaches that Christ is the “only begotten God” (this is the literal translation from the Greek New Testament). The word “begotten” in the passage comes from a Greek word from which we get our English word “generate”. To “generate” means to “bring forth” out of pre-existing substance, whereas to”create” means to “bring forth” out of nothing. Just as sunlight is generated from the sun but is not created by the sun, so, too, Christ was generated (begotten) from the Father but was not created by the Father. Amen!! Amen!! After (Christ) was begotten of the Father the Father then through Christ (His only begotten Son) made all the universe (John 1:3, Colossians 1:15-16). And, of course, much later in time Christ was also begotten as man. In John 8:58 we read the words of Christ “Before Abraham was born I AM”. It is clear from the use of the words “I AM” in this context that our beloved Lord and Savior Jesus Christ was claiming eternality which only the true God can claim. It is important to understand, also, that although Christ existed from all eternity within the Father, He was generated (or begotten) only once as God. In other words, God the Father was not eternally generating His Son. The concept and traditional doctrine of the eternal generation of Christ does not make any sense anymore than it would make sense to say that a human father is continually begetting the same son over and over again. But, again, just because Christ was not eternally generated does not mean that Christ is not eteranl because Christ did exist from all eternity, in some form, within God the Father before He was begotten as God. But if Christ was God how, then, could He die? The Scriptures teach that God can and did die. We read in Revelation 1:17-18 “… Fear not; I am the First and the Last: I am He that liveth, and was dead; and, behold, I am alive forevermore, Amen …” The title “First and the Last” is from the Old Testament and it is a title that belongs only to Jehovah (or God). Thus it is none other than Jehovah (or God) Who is saying that He died. We know from the context of the first chapter in Revelation that it is none other than Christ who is speaking here. No one has the power to kill God, but God can, if He so chooses, give up His life so long as it is for a morally right cause and purpose. Just as it is not morally wrong for one human being to sacrifice his life for another so it is not wrong for God to sacrifice His life for those whom He created. This is exactly what God (the Son) did on the Cross. Phillippians 2:5-8 tells us that Christ gave up equality (positionally) with God (the Father) when He became a man and dwelt on the earth. Although He was still God even after He became man, He gave up the rights that He possessed as God when He lived on earth. That is why when He was on earth He was fully dependent upon His Father to perform miracles. Doesn’t Hebrews 1:4, at least in the King James Version, say that Christ was made better than the angels? The word “made” in the passage is better translated as “became”. Christ became better than the angels. Again, at His first coming as Man the Scripture teaches that Christ humbled Himself. He was made (or became) lower than the angels (Hebrews 2:9). Hebrews 1:3 teaches that after Christ made purification for sins He sat down at the right hand of God (the Father). That is when He became better than the angels because God the Father had restored to His Son His original position. It was after Christ died for our sins, rose from the dead, and ascended into heaven, and sat down at the right hand of God (the Father) that God the Father restored to His Son His preeminent position again (Philippians 2:6-9). This is what Jesus meant when shortly before He went to the Cross He prayed to His Father “And now, O Father, glorify Thou Me with Thine Own Self with the glory which I had with Thee before the world was” (John 17:5). Christ is still both God and Man, but as Man He became exalted above the angels after He finished His work on earth. Of course, in His essential divine being and nature, however, Christ was always superior to the angels. But if Christ was equally God along with the Father and the Holy Spirit then why did Christ say to His Father in John 17:3 that the Father was the only true God. The word “only” in the passage must be understood in its proper context. Christ was not comparing the Father to Himself when He said the Father was the only true God. Rather, Christ was comparing the Father to the pagan deities that the gentiles of His time worshipped when He was on earth. In comparison to these pagan deities Christ was saying that the Father was the only true God. This has to be the meaning or otherwise we will have a contradiction in the Scriptures. For Scripture also teaches in 1 John 5:20 that Christ is “the true God and eternal life.” It is important to understand the words of Scripture in the context of what all of Scripture teaches on any given issue or subject of doctrine. The Scriptures clearly teach that Christ is God (e.g. John 1:1; Hebrews 1:8; Titus 2:13). In Titus 2:13 Christ is referred to as “our great God and Savior.” In Revelation 1:8 the Lord Jesus Christ Himself makes the claim that He is “the Almighty.” It is clear from the context of the chapter that it is Christ Who is speaking. Certainly, the Scriptures do not teach Christ to be a false God as is the case with the Devil who is called “the god (or ruler) of this world.” Ephesians 2:2 says that the worldly make the Devil their god and so did believers before they were saved: “in which you used to live when you followed the ways of this world and of the ruler of the kingdom of the air, the spirit who is now at work in those who are disobedient.” The Devil is a false god and a creature. Christ, on the other hand, is true God and Creator. We read in John 1:3 that without Christ (Who is also called the Word) “not anything was made that was made.” Obviously, then, Christ was not made or otherwise He would have had to have made Himself which makes no sense. Colossians 1:17 teaches that Christ “is before all things and by Him all things consist (are sustained).” And Colossians 1:18 says about Christ that “He is the head of the body, the church, who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead, that in all things He may have the preeminence.” No creature must have the preeminence in all things. That position belongs only to Jehovah (or God) alone, and, thus, Christ must be Jehovah (or God) in order for the Scriptures to declare that He must have the preeminence in all things. Glory to God! Only God is capable of fitting such a description! In certain references of Scripture the Father as God may have preeminence because the Father is the Head of Christ just as Adam was the head of Eve and had a certain preeminence and priority in relationship to her. But, this does not mean that Eve was inferior to Adam. So, similarly Christ is not inferior to the Father even though the Father is the Head of Christ. Of course, while on earth Christ could say that the Father was greater because positionally speaking Christ had humbled Himself in the incarnation by becoming a man and subjecting Himself to the law. A question often raised is how could God Who is infinite become incarnated as finite man. The answer is that in the miracle of the Incarnation the infinite God grafted onto Himself finite human nature. The finite didn’t contain the infinite but, rather, the Infinite contained the finite. Just as a one gallon tank can’t hold ten gallons but, yet, a ten gallon tank can hold one gallon so, too, the infinite God (Christ) circumscribed and united to Himself finite human nature when He condescended to become Man. Colossians 2:9 tells us concerning Christ that “in Him dwelleth all the fulness of the Godhead bodily.” The full essence and nature of deity dwelt within His human frame so that He was both fully God as well as fully man. Because of the unique union of His humanity to His deity Christ had full access to all the attributes of His deity - omniscience, omnipotence, and omnipresence to use under the Father’s direction and will. It is precisely because Christ was God in human flesh that His sacrifice on the cross for our sins had infinite value in the sight of God the Father. It is because Christ was not created or made but, rather, was the eternal and only begotten Son of the Father that it was truly a painful and enormous sacrifice for God the Father to give up His Son over to cruel suffering and death on the Cross for our sins. That is why it is written, “For God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in Him (His Son Jesus Christ) should not perish, but have everlasting life” (John 3:16). As Son of God, Christ was fully God and as Son of Man Christ was fully man. The Scriptures use both titles “Son of God” and “Son of Man” in referring to Christ because He was both. What about Hebrews 1:9 where the Father says to the Son “…therefore God, even Thy God…” Why does the Father say “Thy God” to the Son if the Son is equally God with the Father. How can the Father be God to His own Son and the Son also be God? The great Reformed theologian and Christian writer Arthur W. Pink gives us an understanding to this paradox. In the context of the passage in Hebrews 1:9 the Father’s statement to the Son is made after the Son’s incarnation and when the Son assumes the throne to His eternal kingdom when it is established. The Son’s human nature (in the incarnation) was created by the Father so the Father in that respect was God even to His Son. But in His divinity Christ was equally God with the Father. Another passage that is often misused by those who deny Christ’s deity is 1 Thessalonians 4:16 which reads: “For the Lord Himself (referring to Christ) shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God …” Because the passage says that Christ will descend with the voice of the archangel some teach that Christ, therefore, is an archangel. But the passage also says that Christ will descend with the trump of God. Does that then make Christ a trumpet? I hope not! The passage is simply saying that the archangel will be involved in introducing the second coming of Christ. It is not saying that Christ is the archangel! The word “angel” itself means “messenger” or “one who is sent” in Greek, the language of the New Testament. The Hebrew Old Testament also has this meaning. The context determines the nature of the messenger. In the Old Testament, for example, the “Angel of the Lord” is understood as being none other than Jehovah. This is seen from the context. Even though the word “Trinity” is not found in the Bible the meaning is there in Scripture. Just because a word is not found in Scripture doesn’t mean the meaning of that word is not there. For example, the word “theocracy” is not found in Scripture but its meaning exists in Scripture since Israel in the Old Testament was a theocracy which means a nation ruled by God. But isn’t the concept of God being a Trinity found in pagan religions? Well, even pagan religions have some elements of original truth even though that original truth may have been perverted by Satan (the Devil). Satan is a copy cat. The Devil takes what he knows is true, perverts and twists it and plants the perverted and twisted forms of the truth in human societies and cultures. Satan didn’t invent the concept of the Trinity. Satan already knew that God was a Trinity from the beginning of creation, but Satan planted a perverted and twisted concept of the Trinity into the pagan religions that existed before Christianity so that future generations can be deceived into believing that the Trinity is of pagan origin when it really is not. The Bible teaches that the Devil is a master at such tactics. The pure, unperverted, and uncorrupted truth of the Trinity, however, is found only in the Christian Scriptures. What about Colossians 1:15 where Christ is referred to as the “Firstborn of all creation”? Doesn’t this mean Christ was created? No! The very next verse (verse 16) tells us why Christ is called the Firstborn of all creation. It’s not because He was created but precisely the opposite: because He is the Creator of all things. The preposition “of” in the original language of the Greek New Testament can also be translated as “over.” In other words, Christ Who is God the Father’s Firstborn is over all creation because it was through Christ that the Father created all things (John 1:3; Colossians 1:16). The term “firstborn” in Scripture is the title given to the one in the family who inherits everything. It is a positional title more than anything else. In the Old Testament God had referred to David as being His “firstborn” even though David was the youngest of the children in his family. This was because David would eventually rule over all Israel. Thus, God used the term “firstborn” as a title of position. In reference to Christ, it is important to understand that the title “firstborn” does not imply that Christ was simply the first among other divinely begotten sons of God. John 1:18 makes it clear that Christ is God’s only begotten. So God had no other divinely begotten sons. In the case of Christ the title “firstborn” is used simply to describe His position in relation to creation - that He is Supreme over all creation. What about Revelation 3:14 where Christ calls Himself “the beginning of the creation of God.” Doesn’t that teach Christ was created? No! The word for “beginning” in the passage comes from the Greek word or root “arche” which means “origin” or “source.” In other words, Christ is the beginning (the origin or source) of God’s creation. It doesn’t mean that Christ Himself was created! The word “God” is a name. That Name equally belongs to the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. That is why Christ said to His disciples to baptize all nations in the “name (singular) of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost (Spirit)…” (Matthew 28:19). When the name “God” is mentioned in Scripture without specifying the Son or the Spirit it is usually understood as referring to the Father. In John 1:1 shouldn’t Christ be referred to as a God because there is no Greek article? The absence of the Greek article does not necessarily mean that the letter “a” is to be substituted. The context must demand it. There are various places in Scripture where the Father is referred to as God without the Greek article (i.e. John 1:6) but no one would refer the Father as a God because there is no Greek article. In any case, there are definite passages in Scripture where Christ is referred to as “the God”, that is with the Greek article (i.e. Hebrews 1:8). I’ve actually had someone tell me that it doesn’t matter if Christ is referred to as “the God” in the Greek New Testament Scriptures because even the Apostle Paul and Silas (who were mere men) were referred to as “the Gods” by pagans in the Greek New Testament Scriptures. But it’s one thing for pagans to assert something since pagans can be wrong about what they believe, and the pagans were wrong when they believed Paul and Silas to be “the Gods”, but it’s quite another thing when the Apostles themselves who wrote the Holy Scriptures assert that Jesus Christ is “the God.” Just because what pagans believe and say is recorded in Scripture doesn’t mean that’s what Scripture is teaching! After all, the lies of the Devil are accurately recorded in Scripture but that doesn’t mean Scripture supports or teaches those lies. On the other hand, when the very Apostles who wrote the Greek New Testament Scriptures, by the inspiration of God’s Holy Spirit, assert and teach that Christ is “the God” we are not then talking about what pagans believe or say but rather what the Spirit of God Himself is saying through the Apostles. And what the Apostles say and teach we must not reject! The fact is Christ, along with the Father and the Holy Spirit, is equally the God. There are no two Gods (a little God and a big God as the cults teach). Neither are there three Gods. Rather, there is one God in three distinct Persons - Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The Bible clearly teaches in various passages that the Father is God, the Son is God, and the Holy Spirit is God and, yet, the Bible also teaches there is only one God. Thus, what we are to understand is that the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are three divine Persons Who share one divine nature and Who are also one in purpose and fellowship. As Christians we may be one with God in fellowship and purpose but we are not one with God in sharing His eternal and divine nature. The Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit are one in both their divine nature and in their fellowship, communion, and purpose. It is very unfortunate that so many in the cults have distorted and twisted what the Scriptures teach regarding the Person and work of our precious Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. True Christians thoughout history, regardless of denomination, have always agreed on the primary and foundational truths regarding the nature of the Person and Work of Jesus Christ. Where Christians have differed throughout history is in matters of secondary doctrine. The reader can find helpful materials at his or her local Christian bookstore to become better equipped to argue against the cults. Sincerely, Babu G. Ranganathan (B.A. Bible/Biology) www.religionscience.com The author, Babu G. Ranganathan, is an experienced Christian writer. He has his B.A. with academic concentrations in Bible and Biology. As a religion and science writer he has been recognized in the 24th edition of Marquis Who’s Who In The East. The author has a website at: http://www.religionscience.com Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Babu_Ranganathan http://EzineArticles.com/?Christ-Was-Begotten—Not-Made&id=162887 zolpidem ambien drug quitting ativan cold turkey ambien and children buy generic zolpidem 24 hr delivery

Love Yourself - The First Success Secret I Rediscovered in 2007

March 26th, 2008 by babbettezanetti

By Maria Pascucci I have a confession to make to all my young readers. Lately, I have been a hypocrite. Allow me to explain. I preach stress reduction, body love and acceptance in every single one of my articles but when it comes to my own body — well — Ive been having a hard time taking my own advice. Sure, I accept the fact that Im not a super model. I accept the fact that my chest isnt a Double-D and I have NO INTENTION of ever doing anything surgically about that. As long as I am eating right and exercising and I look good according to my own standards, then I am happy with what I see. I thought I had come to terms with the mirror a long time ago. Then in October 2006, I underwent laparoscopic surgery and was diagnosed with stage 1 endometriosis. Endometriosis is a painful, chronic disease that affects 5 1/2 million women and girls in the United States and Canada, and millions more worldwide (visit http://www.endometriosisassn.org/family.html to learn more about how endometriosis affects teenage girls and young women). After years of suffering major pelvic pain and other yucky symptoms I was relieved to finally have a real medical diagnosis. It wasnt just all in my head. However, I was so stressed out after my surgery that my skin broke out like I was 13 years old all over again. I had horrible acne when I was a kid and I was teased mercilessly for it. Every time I looked in the mirror back then I started to cry and cursed the imperfect reflection. Fifteen years later, here I am back in front of the mirror, cursing the imperfect reflection. Im growing a business. Im meeting with clients. I am a role model for teens. How am I supposed to act confident with acne all down the sides of my face? I have been hiding out in my apartment. When I pass people on the street, I hide my face with my hair (smart move considering the chemicals I put in my hair to keep it frizz-free!). To be able to face my family over the Christmas holiday, I wore a lot of makeup, which probably only made the problem worse. Scars that I had buried years ago are now staring me square in the face and its not pretty, both literally and metaphorically. I think you should try rereading some of your articles and take your own advice, my 27-year-old husband said to me last night with a sympathetic nod of the head. He was right. It was time to try a new approach. I went to my mirror this morning, cupped the sides of my face with my hands and said, I forgive you. Cheesy? Yes — but it worked. I smiled at my reflection in that stupid piece of glass for the first time in weeks. And took back control over my life. What a gift to give myself first thing in the morning! If you ever start to curse any of your supposed imperfections, try to take these words to heart: The acne will heal, the pounds will melt, the scars will fade; but the image you have of yourself lasts a lifetime. So make it a good one. Do you: Ever find yourself preaching body love to your friends yet have a hard time following your own advice? Believe that the world around you notices your flaws as much as you think they do? Shoot me an email and let’s discuss this. I love to hear from students! Maria Pascucci is the President of Campus Calm (http://www.campuscalm.com). She helps high school & college students achieve balance, reduce stress, increase self-confidence and gain perspective in our hectic, achievement obsessed world. Free reports for students, parents and educators available with subscription to Campus Calm Connections. Maria lives in Buffalo, New York with her graphic designer husband, Shaun, who shares the homepage of their personal writing/design website (http://www.creativetypeco.com). Contact her at maria@campuscalm.com. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Maria_Pascucci http://EzineArticles.com/?Love-Yourself—The-First-Success-Secret-I-Rediscovered-in-2007&id=404222 zolpidem cost ambien and pregnancy ambien sleeping pills buy zolpidem overnight

History of Medicine

March 24th, 2008 by babbettezanetti

By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=M_Zuraimy] M Zuraimy Herbalism There is no actual record of when the use of plants for medicinal purposes first started, although the first generally accepted use of plants as healing agents were depicted in the cave paintings discovered in the Lascaux caves in France, which have been Radiocarbon dated to between 13,000 25,000 B.CE. Over time and with trial and error, a small base of knowledge was acquired within early tribal communities. As this knowledge base expanded over the generations, tribal culture developed into specialized areas. These specialized jobs became what are now known as healers or Shaman. Egyptian Medicine Medical information contained in the Edwin Smith Papyrus date as early as 3,000 B.C. The earliest surgery was performed in Egypt around 2,750 B.C. Imhotep in the 3rd dynasty is credited as the founder of ancient Egyptian medicine and as the original author of the Edwin Smith Papyrus, detailing cures, ailment and anatomical observations. The Edwin Smith Papyrus is regarded as a copy of several earlier works and was written circa 1,600 B.C as an ancient textbook on surgery and describes in exquisite detail in the examination, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of numerous ailment. Medical institutions are known to have established in ancient Egypt since as early as the 1st Dynasty. By the time of the 19th Dynasty their employees enjoyed such benefits as medical insurance, pensions, sick leave and worked eight hours per day. The earliest known physician is also credited to ancient Egypt: Hesrye, Chief of Dentists and Physician for King Djoser in the 27th century B.C. Also the earliest women physician, Peseshet, practiced in Ancient Egypt at the time of the 4th dynasty. Her title was Lady Overseer of the Lady Physicians. Indian Medicine Ayurveda (the science of living), the Vedic system of medicine originating over 3,000 years ago, views health as harmony between body, mind and spirit. Its two most famous text belong to the schools of Charaka and Sushruta. According to Charaka, health and disease are not predetermined and life may be prolonged by human effort. Sushruta defines the purpose of medicine to cure the diseases of the sick, protect the healthy and to prolong life. Ayurveda speaks of eight branches: kayachikitsa (internal medicine), shalyachikitsa (surgery including anatomy), shalakyachikitsa (eye, ear, nose and throat diseases), kaumarabhritya (pediatrics), bhutavidya (phychiatry or demonology), agada tantra (toxicology), rasayana (science of rejuvenation) and vajikarana ( the science of fertility). Before graduation, the student was to pass a test. But the physician was to continue to learn through texts, direct observation (pratyaksha) and through inference (anumana). In 2001, archeologists studying the remains of two men from Mehgarh, Pakistan, made the discovery that the people of Indus Valley Civilization, even from the early Harappan periods (circa 3,300 B.C), had knowledge of medicine and dentistry. The physical anthropologist who carried out the examinitions, Professor Andrea Cucina from the University of Missouri-Columbia, made the discovery when he was cleaning the teeth from one of the men. Chinese Medicine Chinese also developed a large body of traditional medicine. Much of the philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine derived from empirical observations of disease and illness by Taoist physicians and reflects the classical Chinese belief that individual human experiences express causative principles effective in the environment at all scales. During the golden age of his reign from 2,696 to 2,598 B.C, as a result of a dialogue with his minister, ChI Pai, the Yellow Emperor is supposed by Chinese tradition to have composed his Neijing Suwen or Basic Questions of Internal Medicine. During the Han dynasty, Chang Chung-Ching, who was mayor of Chang-sha near the end of the second century A.D, wrote a Treatise on Typhoid Fever, which contains the earliest known reference to Neijing Suwen. The Chin dynasty practitioner and advocate of acupuncture and moxibustion, Huang-fu Mi (215-282 A.D), also quotes the Yellow Emperor in his Chia I Ching, 265 A.D. During the Tang dynasty, Wang Ping claimed to have located a copy of the originals of the Neijing Suwen, which he expanded and edited substancially. Early European Medicine Astrology played a very important part in early Western medicine; most university-educated physicians were trained in at least the basics of astrology to use in their practice. As societies developed in Europe and Asia, belief systems were replaced with a different natural system. The Greeks, from Hyppocrates, developed a humoral medicine system where treatment was to restore the balance of humours within the body. Ancient Medicine is a treatise on medicine, written roughly 400 B.C by Hyppocrates. Medieval medicine was an evolving mixture of the scientific and the spiritual. In the early middle ages, following the fall off the Roman Empire, standard medical knowledge was based chiefly upon surviving Greek and Roman texts, preserved in monasteries and elsewhere. Islamic Medicine The Islamic World rose to primacy in medical science with such thinkers as Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Ibn Nafis and Rhazes. The first generation of Persian superb physicians were trained at the Academy of Gundishapur, where the teaching hospital was the first invented. The Comprehensive Book of Medicine (Large Comprehensive, Hawi or al-Hawi or The Continence) was written by the Iranian chemist Rhazes (known also as Razi), the Large Comprehensive was the most sought after of all his compositions. The Kitab fi al-jadari wa-al-hasbah by Rhazes, with its introduction on measles and smallpox was also very influential in Europe. The Mutazilite philosopher and doctor Ibn Sina was another influential figure. His The Canon of Medicine, sometimes considered the most famous book in the history of medicine, remained a standard text in Europe up until its Age of Enlightenment and the renewal of the Islamic tradition of scientific medicine. Ibn Nafis described human blood circulation. This discovery would be rediscovered or perhaps merely demonstrated, by William Harvey in 1628, who generally receives the credit in Western history. Modern Medicine Medicine was revolutionized in the 18th century and beyond by advances in chemistry and laboratory techniques and equipment, old ideas of infectious disease epidemiology were replaced with bacteriology. Ignaz Semmelweis in 1847 dramatically reduced the death rate of new mothers from childbed fever by the simple experiment of requiring physicians to wash their hands before attending to women in childbirth. His discovery predated the germ theory of disease. However, his discoveries were not appreciated by his contemporaries and came into use only with discoveries of British surgeon Joseph Lister, who in 1865 proved the principles of antiseptic. His work is based on the very important discoveries made by French biologist Louis Pasteur who was able to link some microorganisms with disease. This brought a revolution in medicine. He also devised one of the most important methods in preventive medicine, when in 1880 he produced the vaccine against rabies. Pasteur also invented the process of pasteurization to help prevent the spread of disease through milk and other foods, whom its named after. Also Pasteur was an individual worker, an unlike his contemporary Robert Koch, regardless, Pasteur was a man who thought laterally and his vaccination for Rabies, was indeed a milestone, but no one still understood in the 1880s the mechanisms for such immunity. The role of womankind was increasingly founded by the likes of Elizabeth Blackwell, Elizabeth Garret, Florence Nightingale, etc. They showed a previously a male dominated profession, the elemental role of nursing in lessening the aggravation of patient mortality, resulting from lack of hygiene and nutrition. Nightingale, set up the St Thomas hospital, post-Crimea, in 1852. Robert Koch is considered one of the founders of bacteriology. He is famous for the discovery of the tubercle bacillus (1883) and for his development of Kochs postulates. It was not until the 20th century that there was a true breakthrough in medicine, with great advances in pharmacology and surgery. For the great war spurred the usage of Rontgens X-ray and the electrocardiograph, for the monitoring of internal bodily problems. However, this was overshadowed by the remarkable mass production of penicillium antibiotic, which was a result of government and public pressure. The antibiotic prevented the deaths of thousands during the conquest of Vichy France in 1944. The 20th century witnessed a shift from a master-apprentice paradigm of teaching of clinical medicine to a more democratic system of medical schools. 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